Abstract: The extensive deployment of government affairs artificial intelligence large models demonstrates more accurate and diverse content generation capabilities, achieves more natural and smooth human-computer interactive government service efficiency, and significantly enhances the potential of intelligent systems to accomplish specific government tasks. While China is transforming the “digital government” into an “intelligent government” and the digital government under the rule of law into an intelligent government under the rule of law, it also faces practical obstacles such as institutional gaps, constraints on innovation incentives, insufficient guarantee of resource supply, and limitations of technology and organizational structure, as well as potential risks including insufficient technical reliability, threatened network and data security, “inactive governance” induced by technical dependence, and doubts about the fairness of automated decision-making. In the construction of an intelligent government, China should adhere to the fundamental principles of serving the people, ensuring security, and abiding by the rule of law, and uphold the methodology of scenarioization, modeling, and a node-based approach. In terms of specific construction paths, the intelligent government under the rule of law should realize the paradigm shift from “regulation to shaping” through concept innovation, power reconstruction, and process iteration; meanwhile, it should strengthen institutional construction by integrating ethical review, standardizing element supply, constructing isomorphic responsibility and incentive mechanisms, promoting special legislation, and conducting adaptability assessments, so as to ensure the scientific shaping of government artificial intelligence activities on the track of the rule of law and the high-level construction of an intelligent government under the rule of law.

Key Words: Intelligent Government under the Rule of Law; Digital Government under the Rule of Law; Government Affairs Large Model; Artificial Intelligence; Artificial Intelligence Governance

 

Author: Zhou Hui, associate research fellow, CASS Institute of Law;

Source: 2 (2026) Administrative Law Review.